Results from the language-based tests suggested that the frequent occurrence of borrowed- and language-mixed words required consideration while scoring. Additionally, the performance of bilinguals on the ICMR-NCTB was compared with monolinguals.Ĭognitive testing in the bilingual context was performed in the most proficient language of the participants, by examiners well versed with the language. A systematic method of testing cognition in bilinguals was developed to identify the appropriate language for testing, ensure language proficiency of examiner, and to interpret the bilingual responses. Because bilingualism is known to affect cognitive processes, bilinguals and monolinguals were compared on their performance on cognitive tests, to investigate the possibility of the need for separate normative data for the two groups.Ī comprehensive neuropsychological test battery, standardized across five Indian languages: the Indian Council of Medical Research-Neuro Cognitive Tool Box (ICMR-NCTB) was administered to 530 participants (267 monolingual and 263 bilinguals matched for age and education). In the background of a large population of bilinguals globally, the study aimed to develop standards of neuropsychological testing in the context of bilingualism.
Also, for the qualitative differences, the healthy adults code-switched more on nouns than verbs because those were frequently-used nouns in L2, and there were no equivalent translations in L1 on the contrary, the patients code-switched more on verbs than nouns and this may be due to the mapping word and referent is less transparent for verbs than it is for concrete nouns For the quantitative differences, the greater amount of code-switching observed in patients indicated that they did not lose knowledge of the inaccessible language, but rather the control of the language they spoke, and this may result from the impairment of the control mechanisms. There were quantitative and qualitative differences of code-switching between the two groups. The healthy bilingual adults did not code-switch in L2 but L1, which may be due to the language shift phenomenon in their lives. The speech data collected in the clinical setting were compared with ten healthy bilingual adults’ speech data.
Four patients were requested to narrate pictures in two separated language settings. This study aimed to investigate whether Taiwanese-Mandarin bilingual aphasia with selective recovery patterns lose knowledge of the inaccessible language or the control of the language they speak.
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