Of the solvents tested, the methanolic extract showed the highest content of total phenolic (419.50 ± 2.50 GAE mg/g) and flavonoids (177.33 ± 3.00 QE mg/g). This method calls for a minimal extraction solvent volume (solid to solvent ratio, 1:30) and a shorter extraction period (20 min).
However, the mitragynine content was consistent among the organic solvent extracts (7.22–9.40%). The Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) method showed a varying dry yield of the extracts (0.22–1.92 g) that were obtained with solvents of variable polarities. The leaf extracts were assessed for mitragynine content, total phenolic and flavonoid content, and cytotoxicities. This study describes the usage of a green extraction method to yield botanical leaf extracts of ketum. (ketum) leaves and a well-known factor that contributes to ketum’s pharmacological activities. Mitragynine and its congeners are one of the major phytoconstituents present in Mitragyna speciosa Korth.
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